4wct 3 software#

To quantify the WCT voltage, Wilson proposed immersing the body in a large homogeneous conductor and theorized that 0.15 mV was its maximal value. Later, Burger clarified the true meaning of zero potential and defined the WCT as the average of the three limb leads which is symmetrical with respect to the limb leads. Frank was the first to undermine the idea of having a constant WCT during the cardiac cycle and discussed how this variation could affect the ECG measurement. However, the WCT voltage is neither steady nor of negligible amplitude. By definition, it is the simple average of the three exploring electrodes connected to the right arm (RA), left arm (LA) and left leg (LL) and it is assumed to be steady and of negligible amplitude during the cardiac cycle. Wilson in 1931 and named after him as Wilson’s Central Terminal (WCT). This ‘zero’ reference was introduced by F. The precordials (1/2 of the signals) are measured as the potential difference between each exploring electrode located on the chest, and an assumed constructed ‘zero’ reference. The 12-lead ECG is composed of twelve signals or ‘leads’ measured from the limbs and six positions on the chest called precordials. Since then, it is still the most popular non-invasive diagnostic tool for cardiac assessment. Einthoven in the 1900s, and entered clinical practice in the 1940s as 12-lead-Electrocardiogram (ECG). The very first surface electrocardiogram was conceived and outlined by E.

We show that while the WCT presents average amplitude relative to lead II of 58.85% (standard deviation of 30.84%), our minimization method yields an amplitude as small as 7.45% of lead II (standard deviation of 9.04%).

4wct 3 software#

Taking advantage of modern computation techniques as well as of a special ECG device that aside of the standard 12-lead Electrocardiogram (ECG) can measure WCT components, we propose a software minimization (genetic algorithm) method using data recorded from 72 volunteers.

Unfortunately, the experiment required a very cumbersome setup and showed that WCT amplitude could not be universally minimized, in other words, the weight resistors change for each person. Minimization was attempted varying in real time the weight resistors connected to the limbs. This assumption has been challenged and disproved in 1954 with an experiment designed just to measure and minimize WCT. The Wilson Central Terminal (WCT) is an artificially constructed reference for surface electrocardiography, which is assumed to be near zero and steady during the cardiac cycle namely it is the simple average of the three recorded limbs (right arm, left arm and left leg) composing the Einthoven triangle and considered to be electrically equidistant from the electrical center of the heart.